Teen Pregnancy Research Paper - 1273 Words

The Effects of Pregnancy Among Adolescent Girls Heather Thedford HS 2013: Health Communications Texas Woman’s University DESCRIPTION Teenage pregnancy is defined as a teenage girl, usually within the ages of 13-19, becoming pregnant (Unicef 2008). These are young girls that have not yet reached adulthood, who are engaging in unprotected sex and have conceived a child from that encounter. Risk Factors Associated with Teen Pregnancy Teen pregnancy has severe health risk factors for the teen mother and for the unborn child as well. Research shows that teen mothers are less likely to get proper prenatal care. Resulting in babies that are more likely to be born prematurely or of low birth rate. This can cause â€Å"chronic respiratory†¦show more content†¦In 2015, the national teen birth rate for non-Hispanic white females was 90,833. The teen birth rate for non-Hispanic black females was 50,039. Along with the teen birth rates for Hispanic 80,364, American Indian/Alaska Native 4,738, and Asian/Pacific Islander 4,297. The national percentage of teen pregnancies to girls under the age of 15 was 1 percent. Girls age 15-17 was 26 percent and girls age 18-19 was 73percent. Texas is 5th in the nation when it comes to birth rate for teen pregnancies. In 2015, the number of teen births in Texas was 32,687. That is 34.6 births per 1,000 women. This is an 8 percent decrease from Texas’s peak in 1991 at 56 percent. As you can see, Texas’s teen birth rate is slightly higher than our country’s average birth rate of 22.3 per 1,000 women. Texas is ranked 46th on a scale of 1 (lowest) to 50 (highest) in teen birth rates and teen pregnancy rates. The number of teen pregnancies in Texas by race/ethnicity in 2015 are just as diverse. Teen pregnancy to Non-Hispanic White females was 7,376. Teen pregnancy to Non-Hispanic Black female was 4,619. Teen pregnancy to Hispanic was 22,745. Teen pregnancy to American Indian/Alaska Native was 127 and Asian/Pacific Islander was 267. The rate of teen pregnancies in 2015 by age are girls under 15 was 1 percent, girls 15-17 was 30 percent and girls 18-19 was 69 percent. Research has shown that teens who experienceShow MoreRelatedTeen Pregnancy Research Paper820 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage Pregnancy in America Teen pregnancy is a growing epidemic in the United States. Teen girls are becoming pregnant at an alarming rate, with a lot of the pregnancies planned. With television shows broadcasting shows such as â€Å"16 and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Mom†, it is giving teenage girls the idea that it is alright to have premarital sex and become pregnant. It is in a way condoning teen pregnancy. I am interested in discussing teen pregnancy and the options that are out there for theRead MoreBasic Statistics Essay examples919 Words   |  4 Pages| Project paper and Feasibility Paper: Week 2 | As preparation for the final research paper, formulate a theory about the correlation between measurable independent variables (causes) and one measurable dependent variable (the effect). Be sure to have at least two independent variables for proposed research paper. The topic proposal should include the following four items which serve as the foundation for the final research paper after instructor feedback is given. | 1) Purpose Statement InRead MoreTeen Mothers Experiences1027 Words   |  5 Pagesthink of pregnancy as being an exciting moment in life to experience the joy of parenthood. Parenthood is something that all committed married couples look forward to and hope for. This concept is usually thought of by adults that can manage to support a family and acquires a strong partnership with a lifetime companion. Commitment is one of the key concepts to successfully raising a child. However, this exciting news turns into a tragedy for an unexperienced teenager undergoing pregnancy. Teens are unstableRead MoreResults and Conclusions Hcs 4651359 Words   |  6 PagesResults and Conclusion of Research Process HCS 465 June 3, 2012 Results and Conclusion of Research Process The purpose of this paper is to further analyze the study done on trends in teen pregnancy rates from 1996-2006, a comparison of Canada, Sweden, United States, and England. The items of discussion include data collection methods, data analysis procedures, qualitative, quantitative data, and study findings. Results: Data Collection Methods The data collection methods used in thisRead MoreResearch Paper – Sex Education in Public Schools1569 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Paper – Sex Education in Public Schools It’s been a number of days since I’ve written here, and for that I have to answer that there have been a number of projects under works that I’ve had to tend to. For now, I will take the time to show you a research paper I’ve spent most of the day writing for my Comp I class. Sex Education in Public Schools Sex education in public schools here in the United States has, for at least the past decade, supported and utilized abstinence-only sex educationRead MoreTeen Pregnancy Issues And How It Affects Our Teens And Their Children814 Words   |  4 PagesAn assessment of Teen Pregnancy Issues Tasha Arlen HUMS 390 Tracey Rollins May 1, 2015 Abstract Through this paper I will explain teen pregnancy issues and how it affects our teens and their children. I will discuss the physical/ emotional, medical and financial strain placed on teenage parents. Teen pregnancy can affect everyone in different ways. I will also so explain some programs to help with teen pregnancy. An assessment of Teen Pregnancy Issues For manyRead MoreEssay on Is Teen Pregnancy a Problem?1044 Words   |  5 PagesHow many pregnant teens have there been? Over the years more girls are becoming teen moms. In Oklahoma teen pregnancy has become a problem. Recently Oklahoma has had a pregnancy rate of 47.5% (Tulsa World). Not only is it an issue in Oklahoma but an issue in the United States as a whole. The lack of awareness and how to prevent pregnancy is a reason to blame for the increasing numbers. The more we don’t make people aware of the increasing teen pregnancy rate and how to prevent then the numbers willRead MoreThe Age Of The Pill1530 Words   |  7 Pageswere made available. By the 20th Century, teen pregnancy was the norm. The prevention of unintended adolescent pregnancy has become an important goal of our society. Although adolescent pregnancy and birth rates have been steadily decreasing, many adolescents still become pregnant. The purpose of this research paper is to review the history, curren t status, programs and the future of teen pregnancy. History In the early 20th Century, teen pregnancy was the norm. Women were lucky to get an educationRead MoreTeenage Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities1059 Words   |  5 Pages Teen Pregnancy Rates Among Ethnicities Dr. Maria Reid Florida International University Friday, June 17, 2016 Vanessa Romano Stephanie Maquieira Teenage pregnancy has been viewed as an issue for many years, not only for teenage mothers but for babies as well. Much importance has been placed on this subject for the reason that although these rates are declining, they remain elevated. The United States represents over 600,000 American teen pregnancies every year, making this the highestRead MorePreventing Teen Pregnancy : Tierra T. Banks1740 Words   |  7 Pages Preventing Teen Pregnancy Tierra T. Banks Southwest Tennessee Community College Abstract The purpose of this research paper is to provide different ways to prevent teen pregnancy. Teen pregnancy has become a very common thing with young girls nowadays. There are many ways to decrease the number of young girls getting pregnant. Evidence shows that a lot of time teens who get pregnant are usually poverty stricken or dealing with some type of struggle in life. With the help of parents

Essay on Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group Report

Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group Report Liberty University Alcoholics Anonymous Support Group Report Group therapy has evolved so much that the participant are learning how to help themselves and others. Self-help groups are one of the most popular forms of group therapy. One of the most known self-help groups is Alcoholics Anonymous also known as A.A. Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is an international organization produced to assist alcoholics to recover and live alcohol free lives. It was founded by Bill Wilson and Robert Holbrook Smith in 1935. It is a program, complete with twelve steps and twelve traditions, that was put together to help addicts†¦show more content†¦Overall, the participants were of all ages, ethnicities, and there was an even amount of men and women. I noticed that the participants did not look like what I perceived someone who was suffering from alcohol dependence would look like. They looked like productive law-abiding citizens. I am embarrassed to say that it never occurred to me that these individuals could live positive lives while battling alcoholism. I assumed that they would be dysfunctional and incapable to participate in the meeting. Instead many of them looked healthy and were eager to engage in the group discussion. We began the meeting by introducing those who are new to AA or those who were visiting from a different group. If a person did not want to introduce themselves, they were not made to do so. The meetings were very calm and were conducted in an orderly fashion. In a support group, the leader should create a safe environment where members can share (Jacobs et al., 2012 p. 43). I felt very comfortable being there and even though I was there as an observer, the group leader always encouraged me to ask questions or comments. Regardless of the topics that were discussed, no one was judgmental. I believe the positive energy I felt while in the group was because everyone truly cared about each other’s sobriety. There was one occasion in the group that I felt changed the momentum of the group because of a conflict. The group leader asked if there was someone who had a â€Å"burningShow MoreRelatedA Study On Alcoholics Anonymous Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous has held an almost sacred spot in our society as the way for addicts to get sober through spiritual means, with many people having anecdotal stories and experiences corroborating this belief. To full examine the ethicality of AA, an in depth look at AA is required. A study of its history, a description of the program, the success rates and commonly held harmful beliefs of AA, alternatives to AA, and finally an analysis using Rawl’s Theory of Justice are all required in orderRead MoreAlcoholics Anonymous An Open Meeting1188 Words   |  5 PagesAlcoholics Anonymous an Open Meeting Dominique Steinburg describes mutual aid as a process through which people develop collaborative, supportive, and trustworthy relationships; identify and use existing strengths and/or to develop new ones; and work together toward individual and/or collective psychosocial goals. (Steinburg, 2010) Alcoholics Anonymous is mutual aid group that supports individuals in their recovery from alcohol dependence. Established in the mid 1930’s, Alcoholics Anonymous wasRead MoreAlcohol Is A Dangerous Drug1411 Words   |  6 Pagesthat an alcoholic will face. There have been various forms of assistance that have been developed to help these individuals beat their addictions on account of Alcoholism is constantly growing. One major organization that has been created to help individuals who have become dependent on alcohol is Alcoholics Anonymous; this organization has become the best treatment for people that suffer from Alcoholism however similar to many other programs it also has its disadvantages as well. Alcoholics AnonymousRead MoreAlcoholism and Alcoholics Anonymous1851 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿Alcoholics Anonymous Introduction Alcoholics Anonymous is a community of men and women who put across their experiences with alcohol and who support each-other in recovering from the critical conditions that the substance brought them in. In order to become a member, a person only needs to stop drinking, as there are no fees associated with the institution: it is a self-supporting group using its own contributions to function. A.A. is not related to any religious or political ideology, organizationRead MoreEvidence Based Practice : Effect Of Support Groups On Substance Use Recovery1886 Words   |  8 PagesEvidence Based Practice: Effect of Support Groups on Substance Use Recovery Deborah F. is a 53-year-old female who had been admitted to the Chemical Dependency Rehabilitation Program at Sharp Mesa Vista for the treatment of alcohol dependence and pain disorder. Her history includes several disorders that are a cause of her pain including lupus, fibromyalgia, spinal arthritis, interstitial cystitis, shoulder pain, and multiple foot surgeries. According to her chart, she had been drinking two bottlesRead MoreAlcoholism a Social Problem?1593 Words   |  7 PagesVirginia enacted the first law in 1619. This law was not against the use of alcohol, but against drunkenness. In fact, the society of that time was less concerned with drinking alcoholic beverages, as they were with the effect of drunkenness on one’s ability to care for their children, perform their duties and report for work. Alcohol served several purposes during the Civil War. It was used as an anesthesia, because it was less expensive and easier to acquire. The medics also used it to pr eventRead MoreThe Dangers Of Alcoholism And Alcoholism1165 Words   |  5 PagesWhat motivates someone to drink and how can they overcome alcoholism? Are a person s emotions the motivating factor to suppress depression or hate? Are social groups, peer pressure, or the need to fit in the primary motivator or is it a result from the type of environment the drinker was raised in? Is it possible to overcome alcoholism and live a happy and normal life? Let’s take a look at a few of the factors that could motivate someone to fall victim to alcoholism and the chances of overcomingRead MoreClient Biopsychosocial. Betty Simmons Is A 32 Year Old,1504 Words   |  7 PagesPresenting Problems Currently, Betty lives with relatives, and is seeking substance abuse treatment. Betty reports feelings of hopeless, feeling excessive guilt, and helplessness. Betty demonstrates pervasive sadness and explains how she has trouble focusing. Betty as well reports a decreased need for sleep. Betty is irritability, and reports her concerns of a possible panic attack. Betty then reports having racing thoughts and feelings of anger and worry, then frequent changes in mood. Betty explainsRead MoreDrug Abuse And Its Effects On The United States Essay879 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also our society as a whole. The fight to prevent the manufacturing and trafficking of illegal drugs into the country has made very little impact on its accessibility to those that wish to partake. According to the National Drug Control Budget Report for 2015, the President of the United States request $25.4 Billion in Fiscal Year 2015 in order to reduce drug use and its consequences in the U.S. (National Drug Con trol Budget, 2014). In addition to enormous amount of money the federal governmentRead MoreDrug Abuse Is A Worldwide Problem Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesbut also our society as a whole. The fight to prevent the manufacturing and trafficking of illegal drugs into the country has made very little impact on its accessibility to those that wish to partake. According to the National Drug Control Budget Report for 2015, the President of the United States request $25.4 Billion in Fiscal Year 2015 in order to reduce drug use and its consequences in the U.S. (National Drug Control Budget, 2014). In addition to the enormous amount of money the federal government

Money Free Essays

Money Free Essays Answer each of the following questions in complete paragraphs of at least 1 50 words. QUESTIONS . 1 On a scale of 1 to 10, with 1 equaling love it, and 10 equaling hate it, rate your feelings about speaking in front of groups. We will write a custom essay sample on Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Explain your reasons for this rating. If I had to rate my feelings for speaking in front of an audience, I would have to say that I would give it a five on a scale from one to 10. The reason I say this is because I don’t love speaking in front of an audience, but I also don’t hate it either. I would say that I am very comfortable speaking in front of people and I feel that I do extremely well. I feel that I speak very well and I am very sure of myself when speaking in front of others. Also, Just because I do have the ability to do so does not mean that I Just love to be in front of an audience speaking. I don’t get nervous or feel uncomfortable when I have to speak in front of the class or an audience. So, I would have to say that I am pretty neutral on the topic, I don’t hate it and I don’t love it. .2 What type of public speaking, if any, makes you uncomfortable? I am not sure what yap of public speaking that would make me uncomfortable, because I have not had to do anything other than speak in front of an class or at work. I think if I had to decide than I would Have to say that I think if I had to speak in front of thousands of people I would feel a bit uncomfortable only for a short minute and then I would eventually relax. I would only feel that discomfort then is because the thought of all those people giving me their attention would overwhelm me. After, I could grasp that whole concept , I feel like I would be fine and more confident. My confidence would increase oleo because of the attention that I would be getting from my audience. So I guess no type of public speaking would have me terrified for a long period of time. As time would progress throughout my speech, I would find my confidence. .3 What type of public speaking, if any, do you enjoy most? I would to say that I am neutral on this topic, I don’t hate it but I don’t love it. If I had to choose then I would have to say that I would love to speak on or about something that interest me and that I know a lot about. I think that I would love to speak in front a board meeting or my bosses at work. I think that would give me a rush to be able to give a huge presentation in front of my colleagues. I love to speak when I know about the subject or when I can shine and speak about something that I have worked hard on. I also feel like I would love to speak on the radio or in front of a concert introducing someone. I like to be the life of the party, so I feel I would be great at either of those roles. .4 How would you describe your public speaking strengths? I would have to say that I have the strength to pronounce words and also get my point across. I think that my confidence alone is a great strength that I have. I am sure of myself in front of whomever, I know who I am. I do not tense up or stumble over my words I speak clear and I am very concise. When the time comes for me to speak in front of any one I take it upon myself to learn every detail and aspect about the topic that I will speak about. When giving a presentation in front of the class, I love to have crowd participation. I move around when I am speaking and try to capture the audience’s attention throughout the presentation or speech. The ability to speak with a great deal of integrity and confidence are my two greatest strengths hat I have when it comes to public speaking. 5 What aspects of your public speaking skills need improvement? The main aspect of my public speaking skills that need improvement is when I am trying to gather my thoughts and I say mum. I need to work on being able to let the information in my mind flow easily out through my mouth. Sometimes, I cannot find the right words to use and I tend to say mum a lot. When speaking publicly I feel that mum is not acceptable, it does not sound good at all when you are speaking about something important. Also, it makes your audience feel like you do not know what you are talking bout. Also, I may need to work on not speaking so fast when speaking publicly. When you speak fast your audience may miss the information you are presenting them with. Also, I need to work on memorizing what I am going to say before I speak, so that I am not always looking down to read my notes and losing eye contact with the audience. .6 What specific public speaking techniques do you desire to learn in this course? I hope to learn the different types of public speaking and how to go about doing each and everyone. I feel this class will help me with keeping my train of thought when speaking. I also hope to learn how to fill my speech or presentation when I do lose my train of thought. I hope to learn how to be able to speak among my colleagues and bosses in the near future. I want to also learn how to prepare for a presentation and how I should I go about memorizing my thoughts and ideas before hand. I also hope to take on things that help strengthen what I already my strong skills of public speaking. I would like for this class to teach or prepare me for any type of public speaking I may have come about in the near future. So , hopefully my facilitator will be able to provide me with such information or preparation. How to cite Money, Papers Money Free Essays According to eHow Money, working conditions in many if not all places were extremely poor, most died from machinery or toxicity from work areas, especially as many worked long hours for poor pay. (EconLib, 2002) For most people, whether in the I-JK or the US, the working class were really Working class’, even though Jobs were developing the intensity of the Job was not lessened, they were indeed laborious. As the years went on, leading from the early ages of industrial work, developing into the current year 2013 much has changed. We will write a custom essay sample on Money or any similar topic only for you Order Now Till now legislations have been passed in order for all employees to have rights within the organisation that they work, Rights such as Equal Pay, Sex Discrimination, Race Relations, Gender Recognition amongst many since as early as the 1970’s. (University of Bradford, 2010) Through such laws being passed, men and women are able to work side by side , earn fair pay and have the same standing as man within the working society, though even through these laws, discrimination of sexes is still large and racism is still a factor. Individuals differ, and very much so, through ethnicity, physique, gender, family experiences, motivation, attitudes and personality. (Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 4) ‘Sensitivity to individual needs and differences, especially in terms of their resilience, becomes particularly significant, when organisations embark on change initiatives. Such changes may lead to new mind sets, new attitudes and new perceptions that enable people to cope and adjust to the different world’. Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 4) People’s perception of the working environment has changed so much that for an employer to create a scenario of discrimination is no longer a laughing matter, employers must approach every situation with such sensitivity, they have to consider how people react to situations and how they can deal with individuals as opportunities and as the company changes, especially when culture also happens to e a factor as mentioned by Schein, ‘a pattern of basic as sumptions-invented, discovered or developed by a given group as it learns to cope with its problems of external adaptation and internal integration’. Laurie J Mullins, 2010, Chapter 6) In Hugh Collins book ‘Employment Law, he states how the employment rights act has paved the way for so many other rights such as anti-discrimination, trade unions and human rights. Through this we can understand that it is due to such laws amongst many others that organisations are literally forced into including rights for people they would not have thought of, and the law that assembles all the issues together is the Equality Act f 2006, where it is stated that there must be equality and human rights, discrimination unlawful on grounds of religion, belief, education etc. nd to create public authorities to create equal opportunity between men and women. (University of Bradford, 2010) These laws have been passed continuously throughout the decades in order to allow the greater populace, ever growing in numbers and diversity to engage in work, so they are not heckled at as they choose to earn and make a living for themselves. Each law holding a certain purpose has not only paved the way for diversity in race and eligion, but fundamentally in gender, which has been the concern even till now. How these acts are implemented in the working environment is the most interesting thing, from the advertising to the selection of a person. For example many years back a well renowned advert had been broadcast for some time, by Howard Brown, an employee of Halifax Banking, turned actor to promote his organisation. He was promoted in order to promote. There are many examples like this which allow for diversities to be represented in a positive light, something that wasn’t witnessed even a decade ago. Job descriptions have become broader, allowing anyone to apply, by the 1900-2005 racism was still rifled in parts of Europe, especially the I-JK and France, according to a BBC online survey made in 2002, 40% of black people say that they had witnessed racism in a place ot employment, double the tgure tor white people. Looking at t you could it can be noted that even now this number though may have decreased it is still relevantly at an all-time high. Within the selection process, through the advance of educational equality, all generations of people are now educated, hence the growing number of unemployed, eople both educated high or at a lower level are struggling to secure Jobs, this nearly almost causes an issue in selecting Just the right person for the Job, one may have one good image but lack in other etc. There is something called the ‘Halo Effect’, this is where if we see them first in a good side it becomes difficult to recognise the bad side in them, for example noticing a person’s glowing eyes as being the factor for someone’s employment rather than them having what it takes to hold the occupation. The Economist, 2009) In conclusion, looking through the laws that have been passed and the decisions aken to improve on how people are employed through fair recruitment and equality of opportunity is that it allows for greater sympathy to people who want to work, it has now developed into a liking to employ a diverse group, the public eye is ever present on what actions a company takes with its employees and how it runs itself. Organisations do the best they can to apply fair rules and run the company through the passed laws as it shows they are willing to experience each member of its team and become more adaptive in how it deals with its staff. The better they do internally the better they are presented externally. How to cite Money, Papers

Cathode Ray Tube free essay sample

Do you like watching television? I love it. I do not know what would I do if televisions did not exist. It is interesting, in several years, they have become a huge part of our lives, our indispensables. J. J. Thomson was inspired by some scientists and he provided us the opportunity of having televisions in our lives. Also other scientists improved his thoughts and experiments which leaded to the invention of the television afterwards. It is not that simple of course. Let’s look at the backstage By the beginning of the 20th century, there were some problems that had not been solved. The main problem was; not being able to understand the structure of matter. If the structure of the matter could be solved, all the other problems could be solved too. That’s why the major part of the scientists were trying to understand the details about the matter. First atomic theory, which was based on experimental observations, was produced by John Dalton in 1808. His theory was consisted of the following: * all matter is made up of atoms, * atoms are indivisible and can neither be created nor destroyed, all the atoms of an element are identical * compounds are formed by the chemical combination of atoms in small whole number ratios. Dalton called these groups as â€Å"compound atoms† which we call â€Å"molecules† today. Today, we know that atoms are divisible and that all atoms are not the same, there are isotopes in the nature. So, John Dalton was wrong in some ways. Although some parts of his theory were wrong, we can say that Dalton was successful since he could explain the structure of matter for the first time. By this theory, he also helped and inspired J. J. Thomson to do a brilliant experiment which in this case concerns us deeply, since it laid the groundwork for invention of television. Keeping Dalton’s atomic theory in mind, in 1897, J. J. Thomson made an experiment which helped the scientists to learn more about atom and improve the scientific information. The experiment was on the rays that were produced by making a cathode ray tube. â€Å"Cathode ray tube is also known as a television picture tube, it is also used for visual display in oscilloscopes and radar systems. On the neck of the tube, there is an electron gun that ends electrons that pass through a control grid a focusing anode (-) . A second anode speeds the electrons as the beam passes. After the beam passes through the second anode, it is deflected in one of two ways: electrostatically or magnetically. Magnetic deflection is used in radar display tubes and most of the television display tubes. The cathode ray tube screen is coated with a phosphor chemical. The coating converts the energy of the electron beam into visible light and presents a visual display. † 1 If we summarize, cathode ray tube is a type of vacuum tube that uses electrons to produce an image on a screen. By using this kind of cathode ray tube, J. J. Thomson discovered the negative charges in the atom, and he called them in his own way, but as a matter of fact he has found the â€Å"electrons†. George Stoney had thought the existance of them in 1891, but he was unable to prove. Then, Thomson thought that; as electrons have negative charges, but atoms are neutral, there should be some positive charges somewhere in the atom. Also, as electrons are much smaller and lighter than atoms, those positive charges should be much heavier than electrons. Therefore, Thomson made an atom model that seems like a plum pudding. Also, by finding this, he has found H+ ion which helped him to realise that atom could be divided. This showed that, John Dalton was wrong by saying that atom could not be divided into small pieces. This also proved that all atoms were not the same and John Dalton was wrong again. J. J. Thomson has won the 1906 Nobel Prize for his â€Å"Cathode Ray Tube Experiment†. Thomson was wrong in some parts like Dalton. Thomson thought that â€Å"electrons move randomly in the atom,† however today we know that they are on the orbitals. Despite Thomson’s success in so many ways, there were some thoughts left unproved. These thoughts were proved by some experiments. In 1906, R. A. Milikan measured the charges of electrons and as a result, he proved Thomson’s thought: electrons covered just a little part of the atom (plum pudding model). Afterwards, Ernest Rutherford made an experiment called â€Å"Gold Foil Experiment† in 1911. He sent alfa rays onto the gold atoms, and he saw that the rays were coming back. So, he realised that there were some positive charges in the centre, and he called these positive charges, which Thomson thought of their existance, â€Å"protons†. By this way, Rutherford has found that the nucleus of atoms consists of protons. However, there was a question which was not answered: why did not the electrons fall onto the nucleus by the attraction of protons? In 1913, a student of Rutherford called Neils Bohr, thought that electrons had certain energies (quantum), and that they were moving. By the year 1922, Bohr and Arnold Sommerfeld has explained that the first shell had 2, and the second one had 8 electrons. As one shell gets full, the electrons locate into the other shell. Also, the chemical properties were explained according to the last shell. The elements in which the last shell is full, do not get into reactions, and the others give or take electrons to make their last shells full. The periodic table was arranged by the elements’ mass numbers, but this time it was rearranged according to the atom numbers. However, there was occured another question that was not answered: why are there 2 electrons in the first shell, and 8 electrons in the second shell? As nothing has an end, science doesn’t have too. Each day some new things are added to life. Chemistry is the same. Starting from early years until today, chemistry is trying to be solved by all the scientist. Although these successful scientists above have accomplished so important things, there are still some things unknown that are going to be certainly solved in the future. Over a hundred years ago today, Thomson made the â€Å"Cathode Ray Tube Experiment†. With the huge help of his experiment, science has extremely improved. After he accomplished the experiment, with the help of the data that he collected and with the things he had discovered, scientists made other discoveries that are very useful today. Another thing is, we can watch television now by the help of cathode ray tubes. Televisions have become our indispensables. We almost arranged our lives according to them. Now, we can learn everything about the world from televisions, we can watch films or programmes that entertains us, we can even order food or pay the bills from televisions! It is really amazing. I think we should thank